Hello everyone. My name is Ravinder. Today I'm going to discuss about the driving sustainability environmental benefits of our efficient power molding in vehicle software. So today I'm going to a little bit about the, how the vehicles are using the power in both electrical and convention vehicles. Hope you will enjoy the content. Let's get started. Start with me. I'm a one of the top automotive industry in General Motors as an advanced entertainment system engineer, Christian engineer. I was working in past 12 years in in the same automotive field but the different different backgrounds embedded software engineer and then firmware engineer, and then integration engineer, entertainment engineer. Different roles. But but all are in automotive industry. Let's get into that details and then, let's get into the poor poor management system and yeah. Sure. First thing, let's talk about the basic things. In in vehicle means there are so many issues. Issues means electronics control unit. So each electronic control unit manages particular function. So let's suppose body control model. It operates like, it's to maintain the lighting and then break and then, the. And the the body related things it controls those things. And then there are couple of, there are around like, 16 to 32 eecs in the in particular car, depends upon the vehicle manufacturer. Each ECU is operating differently, like one ECU is using less power one use one. Like other EC needs a constant requirement. Power to operate it, the operated or perform the actions. In order to con, in order to reduce the power and then we need to minimize those power consumption each ECU. And we will talk about more into the coming slides. But yeah, that is the basic thing. And then the battery life cycle. So inefficient power molding power management leads to a shorter battery life. You like, when you charge the vehicle, it it was like, two 80 miles, but in the next day without driving your car, but your battery. Got shorter to a two 70 next day because of you don't know what happens, what with the difference because of, there are so many operations running on the background. So these are the issues. Consume the power and then run the background things. And then there is another thing is different power state. We are guy we are we are going to discuss the, in the propulsion and then run and sleep and then, different different power modes we are going to talk about. And then how the. Different acs, electronic control units are using when you are, when the vehicle is in sleep. So we will get into these details. These are the basic things we'll get more into depth into the things. Yeah. So how the power molding works. So the first question is how the power molding works. So power molding means there are different kinds of power mode so whether power is using the battery when you are driving that is power used by your regular usage and then the vehicle is sleeping, sleep. When you are parked in your garage garage and then vehicle is no longer using, but still using the power. That's the problem with that with the electronic control units. So they are constantly require power to operate internally. So that's where the power molding has any different kinds like, whether it's operated in sleep mode, operated in a run mode, operated in a propulsion mode. Propulsion means when you are driving that is the propulsion. So there are a couple of things. So environmental sensing and then real time analysis and dynamic adjustment, and then continuous optimization. So these are the four steps we need to we need to discuss. First thing is environmental sensing. Vehicle systems monitor usage patterns, driver behavior, and then environmental conditions based on that one. The power mode got adjusted. When you are like, drive the vehicle to. To speed too accelerated, too a accelerated too frequently or then the power consumption gonna be high. And then based on your driving behavior, the power consumption got changed. And then there is an real time analysis. How your how your vehicle is operated different power states each component which each component using the how much power in the real time. When you got the data from the vehicle and then you'll analyze. That is the second step. And then third step is dynamic adjustment. Once you got the data, once you driver behavior, and then you know, environment, condition of the vehicle, and then you got any real time data of that power power power molding. After that vehicle and then you can adjust the ECU or ECU EU Power a CU, power between the two different issues are like, how much power using when you, when the vehicle is slipped, so you can adjust based on that one. And then the fourth step is continuous optimization. Once you are done with that all this real time analysis and dynamic adjustment, then the last step is how the how to reduce your power. Maximize the efficiency. So that is the fourth step. You need to be we need to be work on that one. So let's talk about the quantity, quantifiable benefits of electrical vehicles. So nowadays so many vehicles are in vehicles are using the battery. Battery power. If some manufacturers are like, hey we are like, 500 miles per full charge but that doesn't mean like it's 400 miles drive. See the drive drive straight because of there are so many functions running on the background. Let's suppose HVAC. The AC and the heat. So when you are turning on the ac, the battery gonna be, reduced to five percentage, two percentage based on your driving behavior. So let's talk about the quantifiable benefits. So first thing is energy efficiency gain. Overall consumption of the power. How the power you have an a hundred percent discharge then energy efficiency gain means how your power consumption is going. With your behavior, driving behavior, and then range extension increase the driving range in when you are driving in a highway or without breaks or with breaks or you are a sudden increase the speed. So that is also your your power management guard adjusted. And then third one is battery lifespan. Like most of the manufacturer are suggesting 80% is of charge because of, if you charge a hundred percentage every time, the battery gonna be depleted. And then so the power molding is you want to maximize maximum extension of battery life. That's the goal of this one. And then and then the driver gonna be enjoy. And then long, long drivers. So that's the basic thing to of the power molding model. So let's talk about the impact on the convention vehicle. So in the previous slide we were talking about the electrical vehicles, and then now we are talking about the convention vehicles, how the conventional vehicles are, independent of the battery. So when you fill fill the gas and then, you, you need to be care care about the fuel consumption, and then CT emissions, and then the component lifespan and then maintenance intervals. So these are the things you need to be con consider on the convention vehicles. In the fuel consumption reduce reduction of two to four percentage and savings up to one 10 kg of CO2 annual labor vehicle. So with the power consumption, because of, if you are using the, too much of power molding power molding means too much of power in the vehicle, so you need to burn the gas. Hi. So that's, that is another thing. And then environmental impact. So what are the environmental benefits when you when you are working on the power molding model or like in a power molding? Reduce the power molding, in the vehicle. So the direct emission reduction, like the first thing is you you reduce the fuel consumption, that is the first thing. And the more more efficient operations in the vehicle. And then extended component life cycles you reduce the re reduce the battery, you reduce the power and then increase the battery lifespan. And then the battery the battery gonna be sufficient for your needs. And then manufacturing footprint fuel replacement parts needed throughout the vehicle. Life. Because of, you are reducing the less power of the vehicle. And then vehicle is vehicle is more sufficient and then efficiently run pro your vehicle life and then resource consumption, lower demand after raw materials and in battery production. So the you are ultimately you are saving the battery and as well as the battery raw materials. So that is the another benefit of this power moving. So implementation. In the previous slides we were talking about the how the bad electrical EVs EVs are doing, and then convention vehicles are doing, and then now talking about the implementation, how. We are going to implement this power molding with the efficient power mold model. So first thing is vehicle preparation. So software updates are updates installed across around five or fleet test fleet vehicles. So that is test fleet vehicles. And then, eU from their upgrades. So these are the different power consumption. Power consumption when you, when the vehicle is sleep when there is an O OT upgrade or the air update from the manufacturer. But you don't want to install right away when you are driving, but you but the vehicle needs. That is a critical update. You need to update it as soon as possible. Then the only way is during vehicle sleep vehicle sleep, the automatically trigger that update, and then it automatically updated. And then the third one is, the second one is up EC ware upgrades. When the ECU needs a critical update update for your functionality, for your safety, or for the infotainment changes or anything any major changes the manufacturer send it or their update to upgrade your ware. That needs to be power as well, like for when the vehicle is asleep. And then the power management protocol integration. So that is the that is the another one, the third one when the when the power is consumption by the vehicle, when the vehicle is in sleep. So we need to monitor that one. So that is another one. And then so algorithm algorithm optimization based on the fleet data. And then driving pattern recognition and environmental adoption. So these are the implementation of refinement of the per mode and then the monitoring pre period. How long you gonna be monitored this, power mode let's suppose collect the data for 12 months of data and then check the data, how, which issues are con, con consuming more power. And then after that you get the data and then you get the regular checks and everything. And then you need to verify the data. The comprehensive performance analysis and then energy conjunction patterns. You get all the components and then you will, you'll find out like, what need to be improved, what is you consume? The more power which way we need to reduce that power that. That, that is this case study. The case study is completed. Then the technical implementation challenges. So once you got the data and then and then you have an everything what you are supposed to do. So first thing is system integration complexity. So in in the first slide we were talking and we were talking. Talking about so the vehicle means there are so many number of eec each ECU perform different operations. So each ECU communicated with the different EC as well. And then so creating a unified power mode model is very difficult because of, one ECU consume less power. Another ECU consume more power because de depends upon their usage. And then, and then cross function cross platform compatibility. How the, whether the EECS is need to be interacted with outside of the world. Let's suppose telecommunication model needs to be interacted with career servers and like an at t. And then the each e issue has a different suppliers are like, different mechanism. So we need to coordinate that. That is the first one. And then safety critical system. So some of the critical safety critical system when the vehicle is theft, so you need to be the the, that particular issue need to be a awake during the safety critical operations or when the accident happens though, or when the when the, when somebody o open the, your drawer when you are not there. So those kind of situations the particular you needs to be very active and then need to be triggered The. Safety alarms. And then as well as the, you need to be A-S-O-I-S-O 2 6 2 6 2 functional safety standard must be maintained. So these are the functional main maintain, you need to be maintained. And then legacy. Hardware constraints. Older vehicle platforms may lack of lack the necessary hardware to support and advance power states. And retrofit, retrofitting capabilities and request careful hardware software code design may increase the initial implementation costs. So these are the technical challenges. So we were facing, standards and industry collaboration. So this is another thing. So what so there are the functional safety ISO requirement. That is a 2 6 2 6 2. Establish the safety requirements for both electrical and convention vehicles in the automobile, ensuring the power moving transition to don't compromise their critical function. Just we were discussing like, when the vehicle is theft or when the vehicle is not located like, somebody stole the vehicle. You need to be you need the particular issue. You need to be active every, each and every time. When the vehicle is also slipped, that is the 2 6 2 6 2 functional safety requirement assist. And then the, another thing is partnership. Standardizes the software architecture for the ECU Port management. When you designing the designing the ECU, you need to be care about the, how the. How the ECUs are functioning, and then how the ECU power molding are designing. That need to be discussed earlier. And then you need to be enabling the inter interability between the different manufacturer and suppliers. Manufacturing suppliers need to be a partner partnership to understand the understand the requirements of that particular power molding and then as well as the how this whether you need to be compromised or not. Based on the functions they perform that particular issue. And then the another one is cybersecurity standard. So cybersecurity is unauthorized control of that vehicle or prevent unauthorized usage of that vehicle or security concern. So those are the things you need to be aware you need to be active every time. So those are the cybersecurity requirements. And then you need to be. Every time must be on. And then cross industry working groups, collaborative efforts between the automotives and semiconductor and software industries to develop next next generation for next generation management solution. These are the these are the one we need to be focused on. So these are the different kind of industry collaboration things. We are working on that. And then future opportunities and directions. So current power mode model discrete power states based on the predefined conditions. And then the next phase gonna be a driven optimization. A looking into that power power management thing. And then see that, okay, this this is, you can consume more power. Why, if it is, if this is necessary, yes. If it is necessary, yes, you can use that power. If it is not necessary, then stop that ECU to use the power and then shut down that ECU. This is the next level of a driven optimization. And then V two X vehicle to other vehicle to charge. Vehicle to vehicle. So these are the vehicle to x integration, poor management control with the infrastructure and other vehicles. So these are the next level, and then distributed in intelligence. So autonomous power decisions at individual or component level whether the the issue decide itself whether I need to be wake up or sleep or like you don't use the power is this necessary operation to perform right now. Yes or no, based on the decision, it auto autonomously taking the decision by the ECU and based on your program, it automatically change the change the power model condition. So the. The final take key takeaways and next steps. So the first thing is significant environmental impact. So when the power management is properly properly organized or properly maintained in the software level, vehicle software level. So you need to be environmental the. The vehicle is environmentally benefited. And then a power molding delivers miserable emissions reductions resource con conservation across both electrical and conventional platform. With the potential and exp exponential impact when the applied rate scale you are produce millions of vehicles each year. But you need to be. More careful carefully about the power moving because of, each vehicle consumption vehicle con power consumption with impact, so many emissions. So that is the first step. And then a software driven solution so that. That's where we are working on that. Unlike hardware based efficiency improvements, power Moding leverages a software innovation that can be deployed rapidly across the existing vehicle platforms through updates and providing immediate sustainable benefits like, whether the particular software, particular VCs, consumption more so why it is more then you need to be we need to be no. Software that capable whether the it is necessary use, use that particular particular operation. Yes, if it is necessary, then use that power. Otherwise just stop it and then just don't use the power and then are like, low or more just too minimal. Power using our, so that's the software driven solution. And then industry standardization. And then the advanced standardized approach to power management will accelerate the adoption of and maximum environmental benefits across all the automotive industries. Require, continue continuing the collaboration between the manufacturer, suppliers and then regulatory bodies. So these are the steps. We need to be gave take care otherwise. If the too much power consumption by the vehicle, then it's gonna be, it's gonna be du depletion the battery. And then there are so many disadvantages. So that's why the power power management is a key component for the vehicle manufacturers. Hope you are enjoy this presentation. Thank you so much. If you have any questions, reach out to me over the email or are linking. Thank you so much. Bye.